Martin Luther King "I have a dream"

SESSION 1: LIVES THAT CHANGED OUR WORLD EXAMPLES OF INSPIRATIONAL PEOPLE

In this session we are going to have a look at the lives of some people that tried to improve their lives and the lives of the people in their communities and societies as they could not accept that people’s rights were being denied. We are going to focus on 3 men: MARTIN LUTHER KING, NELSON MANDELA and MOHANDAS GANDHI. But we should also mention the names of other people that wanted to change some aspects of the world like Mother Theresa, John Lennon, Dalai Lama, Rigoberta Menchú, etc.

 RIGOBERTA MENCHÚ (Chimel, Guatemala, 1959)

Dalai Lama (China 1935)

 John Lennon ( Liverpool, England, 1940)

 MARTIN LUTHER KING ( Atlanta USA, 1929 )

 MOHANDAS GANDHI ( Porbandar, India, 1869 )

 Mother Theresa (India, 1910)

 NELSON MANDELA ( 1918, South Africa)

















EXERCISE 1
Answer the following questions:

1. Luther King, Mandela and Gandhi took action in different ways because they saw some human rights were being denied to some groups of people. Describe the denial of human rights in their 3 cases.
2. How did they protest against what they thought was not right? (marches, demonstrations, etc)
3. Did any of them go to prison? If so, how long were they there?
4. Are they all 3 still alive? If not, how did they die?
5. Do the problems that they wanted to solve still exist in society nowadays?
6. Do you think they contributed to improving their communities? If so, in which way?

 1.-
Luther King:
 Black Americans were treated badly by white Americans
Mandela:

Black people were very unfairly treated by white people

Gandhi:
There Were terrible fights between hindu and Huslem ploper

2.-
They protested percefully

3.-
NELSON MANDELA 28 years and MOHANDAS GANDHI 6 years or more

4.-
 Martin Luther King -  In 1968 he was shot and killed by a white man
Nelson Mandela - no dead
Mohandas Gandhi - Gandhi was murdered by an angry Hinduman.

5.-
still think that the problems were not solved completely

6.-
  yes, because human rights were improved.




Exercise 2.-:


http://www.biographyonline.net/people/women-who-changed-world.html

Eva Peron:

 

Eva Peron was widely loved by the ordinary people of Argentina. She campaigned tirelessly for both the poor and for the extension of women’s rights. At the same time she was feared by some in power for her popularity. She was also criticised for her intolerance of criticism; with her husband Juan Peron they shut down many independent newspapers. She died aged only 32 in 1952.

  

SESSION 5:MILLENIUM CAMPAIGN: VOICES AGAINST POVERTY

MILLENIUM CAMPAIGN

		Eredicar els extrems de pobresa y gana.

Aconseguir la educació primària universal.

Premoure la igualtat de gènere y poder de les dones

Reduir la mortalitat infantil

Millorar la salud maternal.

Combatir la malaria y altres enfermetats.

Asegurar la sostenibilitat del medi ambient.

Desenvolupar la complicitat global per el desenvolupament.

Exercise 2

2. We now know that there are two forms of aid, SHORT TERM & LONG TERM AID.
   Copy and complete the table below into your jotter using the different forms of Aid.
   

LONG TERM AID	SHORT TERM AID
SPECIALIST WORKERS; EQUIPMENT; MILITARY AID;	MONEY AID; FOOD AID; EMERGENCY AID

UNIT 5: HELPING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; SESSION 1:HOW DO RICH COUNTRIES HELP THE POOR ONES?

The People of the Rich North give AID to developing countries in order to help them deal with many of the problems that they face.  There are different types of aid that can be given, some that will last for a long time (Long Term Aid) and others that will last for only a short period (short-term Aid). Look at the pictures below showing the main forms of aid given to the countries of the Poor South.

MONEY AID

• Many rich countries give loans to poor countries, but often they must be paid back.  Sometimes grants are given; this money does not need to be paid back.

 

FOOD AID

• Rich countries sometimes have a lot more food than they need, and they can send things like wheat, corn, flour, powered milk and cheese to people in poor countries.

EMERGENCY AID

• Sometimes we hear of disasters like earthquakes, floods and droughts in poor countries, and rich countries help by sending things like tents, food, clothing and medicines

MILITARY AID

• If a friendly government is under attack from rebels, rich countries can help by sending tanks, guns and sometimes troops to help it stay in power.

PECIALIST WORKERS

• Rich countries can often send out experts or specialist workers like doctors, teachers, engineers and managers to help poor countries build up their own businesses and industries and help other people.

EQUIPMENT

• Special farming machinery like tractors and harvesters can be sent to poor countries, and machinery for use in factories can also be sent to build up industries.

 

PROBLEM 4. LACK OF FOOD

One of the biggest problems facing the people of the Poor South is that they do not have enough food. According to scientists if we eat less than 2,200 calories a day, we are not getting enough food. A calorie is the amount of energy food gives us, for example, 125g of Greek yogurt provide us with 155kcal.

There are many reasons why countries do not have enough food. NATURAL DISASTERS such as earthquakes and floods sometimes affect how much food we have. Natural disasters can sometimes lead to FAMINE or DROUGHT.

earthquakes
 

floods

 

 FAMINE

 

 

 DROUGHT

 












WHY DO SOME COUNTRIES NOT HAVE ENOUGH FOOD?


“In my country there is a lot of WAR. It has been like this for many years. Our crops don’t get the chance to grow.. Also the government don’t help us because they spend all their money on weapons.”

“In our country the CLIMATE is either very cold, hot, dry or wet. This makes it very difficult to grow crops to eat. We also don’t have the UP-TO-DATE FARMING EQUIPMENT. Most of our farming is done by hand.”

“My country OWES A LOT OF MONEY to other rich countries, so the government forces us to grow CASH CROPS. These are crops that other countries want to buy, such as coffee, tea, tobacco and cocoa. If the government can sell these crops, it helps to pay off some of our debts.”

Write your answers in the boxes!

1. According to the scientist, what is the minimum number of calories per day a person needs to survive?

The minimum number of calories a day a person needs to survive is 2,200

 

2. Study the table, and use it to complete the passage below:

Country	Daily Calorie Intake
United Kingdom	3218
India	2204
Nigeria	2114
Uganda	2221

 

1. I think the country least likely to experience a food shortage is the United Kingdom My reason for choosing this country is has the highest daily calorie intake of 3218 calories per day
2. The country most likely to experience food shortage is Nigeria This is because it has the lowest daily calorie intake of 2114 per day.

 

PROBLEM 3. WAR

Many developing countries also experience the problem of war. Many of the wars that take place are civil wars. This means that they are wars that take place within a country between different groups of people, rather that between different countries. The map below shows some African countries affected by war. Wars are bad for a country because they use up most of their financial resources on weapons whereas they cannot afford to buy food to feed themselves.

Decide whether the following sentences are true or false:

1. The most usual wars in developing countries are between different countries FALSE
2. Wars are really bad for a country because money is spent on weapons instead of being spent on necessary things TRUE

Look at the picture and learn about 4 countries that have suffered wars.

SUDAN                                                                                    
1985-1995

ETHIOPIA
1974-1979

ANGOLA
1961-1995

MOZAMBIQUE
1981-1989

PROBLEMS FACING THE DEVELOPING WORLD

1: PROBLEM 1. POOR HEALTH

There are many problems facing the countries of the Poor South. We regularly see pictures of the Poor South on TV and in newspapers. Many of the people living in these countries are less well off than we are. They are homeless, experience health problems, have little food and are poorly educated, and sometimes also affected by war.
But not everyone who lives in the Poor South is poor. Some people live in comfortable houses, wear good clothes and eat good food. Some countries in the Middle East and Asia have their populations split into the very rich and the very poor. Other areas such as Africa have almost total poverty.

PROBLEM 1: HEALTH
Most people living in the developing world have very poor health. Life expectancy provides us with information about the health of a country. In Catalonia we have El Servei Català de Salut, which looks after our health. In the United Kingdom they have the National Health Service. As a result people in Catalunya or UK can expect to live 75 years on average, whereas countries like Sudan have a life expectancy of 53 years.
WHY DO PEOPLE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES HAVE POOR HEALTH?
Poor Sanitation: 2.9 billion people do not have safe sanitation facilities
No doctors: there is a shortage of doctors and nurses
No free medicines: people must pay for their medicines
No free health care: people must pay to see a doctor

EXERCISE 1
Now complete this table:

There are four main reasons why people in developing countries have poor health.  One is that there are poor sanitation facilities.  For example, 2.9 billion people do not have things like clean drinking water.  A second reason is that there is a shortage of doctors and nurses.  Also, there is no free health care as people have to pay  for their medicines.

EXERCISE 2

Compare the two countries in the table below very carefully and state which of the two countries is the healthiest. You have to use full sentences and provide evidence by using the statistics in the table. You should start saying:

1 I think United Kingdom is the healthiest country because the table shows people there live 75  years, whereas in Sudan people live 52 years.

2 I think United Kingdom is the healthiest country because the table shows 7 per 1,000 babies born die in UK, whereas in Sudan 107 per 1,000 babies born die. 

3 I think United Kingdom is the healthiest country because the table shows 1 doctor looks after 710 patients in UK, whereas in Sudan 1 doctor looks after 11,120 patients.

United Kingdom		SUDAN
75 years	Life Expectancy	52 years
7 per 1000 babies born	Infant Mortality (How many babies die per 1000 born)	107 per 1000 babies born
1 Doctor: 710 patients	Doctor Patient Ratio (How many patients a doctor looks after)	1 doctor: 11,110 patients

PROBLEM 2. NO EDUCATION

Education is a very important part of people’s lives. In Catalonia and Scotland, for example, the Government thinks it is important to educate children free of charge. Being able to read and write is important because without education people cannot do many things in life, especially find a good job.

In most developing countries parents must pay to send their children to school. Many people cannot afford to do this and this means that the majority of people are unable to read or write. Even when children in the developing world attend school, their schools are poorly equipped and there is usually a shortage of teachers. As a result, many developing countries have low rates of literacy.

EXERCISE 1

Answer the following questions using your own words:

1. Why are children in Catalonia and Scotland so lucky when it comes to education?

 We are lucky because education is free in our country.

     2. Why is it important to be able to read and write?

It is important to be able to read and write  in order to find a good job

     3. Why are many children in the developing south unable to read and write?

Children in the developing world are not able to read and write because:

- Schools are poorly equipped.
- There is a shortage of teacher.
- Education is not free.

Life in Khalipathar vs Life in Sant Joan Despí

05.00 - 08.00


Girls

We get up and brush our teeth.
We collect water from the well. We carry two, sometimes three, pots on our heads at a time.
Boys
We get up and brush our teeth. Then we exercise. We go jogging for good health. 

I' get up at 7:45, brush our teeth, have a milk, dress, pack mi school back, and go to school.

RICH AND POOR COUNTRIES

1. Country	Life expectancy	Infant mortality per 1000	Daily food intake in calories	GNP ($)
   USA	76	9.7	3642	25,880
   NIGERIA	49	121	2114	280
   SWEDEN	78	5.8	3049	23,530
   UK	76	9.5	3218	18,340
   JAPAN	79	4.8	2858	34,630
   BRAZIL	65	63	2643	2,970
   GERMANY	77	7.5	3476	25,580
   INDIA	58	95	2204	320
   MALAYSIA	68	30	2723	3,480
   UGANDA	49	107	2221	190

   Which countries on the table are the RICHER countries?

HINT!  There are FIVE of them.

The five RICHER countries are  JAPAN  USA  GERMANY  SWEDEN  UK

2. Which countries on the table are the POORER countries?

 HINT!  There are FIVE of them.

The five POORER countries are  NIGERIA  BRAZIL  INDIA  UGANDA  MALAYSIA

3. Complete each sentence with the word HIGH or LOW:

Rich countries have .................................HIGH.....................................Life Expectancy Poor Countries have .....................................HIGH................................Infant Mortality Rich Countries have...................................HIGH.................................... Daily Calorie Intake Poor Countries have a.....................................LOW............................... GNP

4. Read the statement below:

The USA is the RICHEST country in the world’.

5. Do you agree with this statement? Give a reason for your answer!

I agree because High Life Expentancy, Low infant mortality, High daily calorie intake and High GNP. .................................................................................................................................
OR
I disagree because............................................................................................................................

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RICH AND POOR COUNTRIES

Excercise 1:

Country - País.


Life expectancy - Esperança de vida.

Infant mortality per 1000 - Mortalitat ifantil per cada 1000.

Daily food intake in calories - Mitjana de consum d'aliments caloríes

GNP ($) -   Gross National Product

RICH PEOPLE, POOR PEOPLE

Excercise 1:

Translate:

Només quan l'ultim arbre hagi mort.
i l'últim riu hagi estat enverinat.
i lúltim peix hagi estat atrapat.
ens adonarem que no podem menjar diners.













There are many divisions between the people of the world. One of the biggest is the difference between those who live in the RICH NORTH and the POOR SOUTH. The map below shows that the world can be divided into 2 parts: the Rich North and the Poor South.

Countries in the Rich North are also called DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. Examples of developed countries are: Spain, Great Britain, Germany, the USA, Japan and Australia.
A DEVELOPING COUNTRY is another name used to describe countries in the Poor South. Ethiopia, Mozambique, Brazil and India are all examples of developing countries.

The countries in the Poor South are also called LEDCs (Less economically developed countries) or Third World Countries. The North refers to richer countries, which are sometimes called the First World, MEDCs (More economically developed countries) or The West.

EXERCISE 2

Using the map in the previous page and an atlas, copy and complete the table below:



As we saw before, we use many words to describe the difference that exist between the rich and poor parts of the world. Complete the table below:

RICH NORTH WORDS	POOR SOUTH WORDS
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES	DEVELOPING COUNTRY
MEDCs	LEDCs
First Word	Third Word
The Nord	The South

COUNTRY	DEVELOPING COUNTRY	DEVELOPED COUNTRY
Catalonia(Barcelona)		X
Cuba(La Havana)	X
Scotland( Edinburgh)		X
Sudan(Khartoum)	X
USA(Washington)		X
Germany(Berlin)		X
Brazil(Brasília)	X
Ethiopia(Addis Ababa)	X
India(New Behli)	X
New Zealand(Wellington)		X
Colombia(Canberra)	X
Australia(Bogota)		X

THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD

CHILD SOLDIERS: Recent estimates suggest that there are almost 300,000 child soldiers throughout the world fighting in over 40 conflicts. In countries such as Burma, Sudan and Afghanistan, children are fighting alongside adults in wars. Many child soldiers are forcibly removed from their homes, taken from their families and made to fight.

Exercise 1:

A. Child soldiers require less food than adult soldiers, so they are cheaper to feed
  - True
B. Child soldiers really want to fight and they go freely to the camps and follow orders without having to be given drugs
   - False
C. Children are more difficult to control than adults
  - False
D. Children are brainwashed and often given drugs
  - True
E. Modern weapons are very light and can be easily handled by children
  - True

Dictation:

STREET CHILDREN:  Many children whose parents have died or no longer want to look after them are left to live on the streets. These children face serious healt problems because of solvent abuse and attending school is not possible for them.

CHILD WORKERS:  Throughout the world, children as young as 5 years old are forced to work. There are 250 million child workers between the ages of 5 and 14. Their work is often dangerous and is a form of slavery.

Rights and Responsibilities

The Right to an Education - To attend school and do your homework every day.

The Right to own a Pet - To look  after & care for your pet.

The Right to be Treated Fairly - To act responsibly & treat others fairly.
 
The Right to Shelter - To treat your house and the objects in it with respect.
 
The Right to Free Speach - To remember that other people have different opinion.

The Right to Privacy - Not to invade other people's privacy.

The Right to Play & be cared for - To care for people & to treat others the way you would expect to be treated.

Where are human rights not respected?

Article 1:

In some countries in the world women are just allowed to go out in the company of their husbands

Article 2:

In the USA some decades ago black people could not get on the some bus where white people where sitting, for example.

Article 4:

Nowadays there are children slaves that make our sport shoes. In the past many black people from Africa become slaves.

Article 13:

In some countries you must ask for permission to the governament to go out from your country and go back again.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Human rights are rights to which every human being should be entitled. According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, nobody should be made to live without these basic rights. It was written after the Second World War, when countries were determined not to have a repeat of the human atrocities carried out during the war. For example, the Holocaust, in which millions of Jews.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Examples:

Article 1.

• All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Tots els humans neixen lliures i iguals en dignitat i drets. 

Article 2.

• Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

Tots els humans son iguals sense tenir en compte la raça, el color, el sexe, la llengua, la religió, la opinió política, l'origen de nacionalitat etc. 

Article 4.

• No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

Ningú hauria de ser esclau o servent, s'hauria de prohibir els servents y comerciar amb esclaus.

Article 13.

• (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state.
• (2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.

Tothom hauria de ser lliure per cambiar de residéncia o de cambiar de país y tornar quan es vol.

Article 18.

• Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

Hi ha de ser lliure en les creences o cambiar de religió quan es volgués.

Article 24.

• Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.

Tothom hauria de divertirse i descansar, treballar amb limitacions y amb vacances pagades.

Article 25.

• (1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
• (2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.

Tothom té dret a viure adequadament, adequat a la seva salut, a la seva familia, tenir lloc per viure, roba per vestir, menjar suficient, atenió medica y la discapacitat.

Article 26.

• (1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
• (2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
• (3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.

Tothom te dret a l'educació, hauria de ser gratuitament, alemnys en les etapes obligatories, l'educació tindria que ser obligatoria.

UNIT 2: Human Rights

People in the world have many different legal rights. These rights are guaranteed under the law. However, in many parts of the world there are countries where basic rights simply do no exist.
To solve this problem the United Nations (UN) has agreed on a list of human rights with which we are going to deal with in the following activities.

UNITED NATIONS WEBSITE 

Exercise 1:
       a.olive branches (for peace)
       b.continents (for where people live)
       c.globe (for world)

Exercis 2:

1. When did the United Nations come into existence?

on 24 October 1945.

1. What is the purpose of the United Nations?

it is to bring all nations of the world together to work for peace and development.

1. How many members are there in this organisation?

 There are currently 192 Members of the United Nations

1. Where is the Headquarters of the United Nations?

Headquarters is in New York City

1. What six official languages are used?

  Six official languages are used at the United Nations - Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish

1. List the 4 aims of the United Nations

1.- together to work for peace and development,
2.- based on the principles of justice,
3.- human dignity and the well-being of all people.

My description

 My name is Ivan. I'm 13 years old. I'm from Spain. My mother tongue is spanish. I don't practise any religion. I don't pray or go to church. I was born in Barcelona. My parents born in Barcelona.

Sharyn's Visit

Her name is Sharyn. Her nationality is Scotish (British). She is between 20 or 40 years old. She born in Glasgow. She haven't got a boyfriend. She have got a brother. She works in Dell Corporation. She favourite food is Haggies. She's hobbies are dance salsa, rock climbing and reading books. She favourite groups are Pearl Jam, Foofighters, Linkin Park, Eminem, Ali-G and Reggaeton. She speakin lenguajes English, German little and Gwee bit. She's favourite sport is Rugby.